Page 21 - Treating Oilfield Emulsions

100 INDEX

surge tank 19
flow-line 44
swing diameter 71
installation 5
plant 5,80
Petroleum Extension-The University of Texas at Austin
tank battery 5
size of, related to
temperature 18
chemicals used 36
bottomhole 12
settling time 36
effect of
temperature 36
on chemicals 36
purpose of 4, 18
on treating 18
program, establishing 18
on viSCOSity 18
reasons for 4
of emulsion 36
role of
surface 12
production foreman in 5
testing
pumperin5
API standard for 65
system 35-36
by pipeline companies 65
total costs involved in 5-6
by producers 65
types of, compared 43--47
tests
vessel 23, 55-61
bottle 36--42, 60
centrifuge 37
valves
field 40
back-pressure 12
forS&W37
dump 14
on reverse emulsions 40, 42
standing 13
ratio 39,40-41
traveling 13
to compare treating compounds 40-41
vacuum relief 59
with concentrated compounds 40
viscosity 8, 9, 18,36,40,43,71
thermometers, API requirements for 73
effect of, on treating 18
thermosiphon effect 23
volume losses 25, 36
thermostat 25
thief 37,59,65--66
washing 18
toluene 38, 71
wash tank 17, 19-20
treating 3-6, 17-22, passim
water 3, 9,11, 17,38
batch 37, 43, 46-47, 80
contamination 4
when to use 47
droplets
compounds 39-40, 43
coalescing of 11,17,18
cost records 5, 79-81
film around 17
costs
methods for breaking 18
determining 79
size of 18
outlined 80-81
encroachrnent4,5
types of 79-80
causes of 3,4
definition of 4, 17
prevention of 4
downhole 43-44
free 4,9, 11,14, 18,20,21,35,36,37,55,54,
advantages of 44
60,61,63,67
effect of
removal of 21
age of field on 18
fresh 9, 40, 58
amount of water on 11
emulsion differences on 18
injection of, into reservoir 4
equipment 5,6,55
in oil wells 3
facility 5
layer 18, 19, 20, 55, 59
setupS
leg 19
factors involved in 17-18
-oil interface 8, 20, 56, 67, 77