Page 17 - Treating Oilfield Emulsions

96 INDEX

demulsifier 8, 35, 38, 74. See also chemical;
expenses. See costs.
emulsifying agent
external phase 7
desalting plant 53-59
Petroleum Extension-The University of Texas at Austin
diluents, effect of
fail-safe devices 25, 63
on settling time 17
field foreman 5
on viscosity 18
field testing 40
on water separation 18
filter section 55
discontinuous phase 4, 7
firebox 24
dispersed phase 4, 7
fire tube 23, 24, 25, 55
dispersion 11,43-44
flame, color of 24-25
medium 4
distributing rack 18
flow-line lubricator 44, 47
flow lines, laying of, and emulsion formation
downcomer tube 55
14
downhole treating 43--44
flow-tube
electricity 8
bundle 23, 24
effect of, on settling time 17
failure 24
use of, in treating 8
foreign material 4, 17, 58
electrostatic
allowable percentage of 4
fields 18, 55
free oil 11
effect of, on water droplet size 17
free water. See water: free.
treater 56,63 .
free-water knockout (fWKO) 11, 17,55,60,63
emulsification 13--14
definition of 21
effect of pump efficiency on 13--14
three-phase 21, 63
emulsifying agent 7- 9, 11, 35- 36, 42-43
two-phase 21
emulsion 4,5,8, 13--14,20
fWKO. See free-water knockout.
age of 8, 9-10
behavior of 36
gas
changes in, over time 17-18
equalizers 20
conditions for formation of 11
gathering system for 14, 20
differences between 18
in pumping wells 17
dual 7
leaving solution 11, 12, 59
effects of
lift wells 12-13
age on 36
lines 20
heat on 25, 36
removal of, from well fluid 20
formation of 11, 12
separation of 20
how to determine treatment of 11
gathering system 14,20
loose 7, 11
gauge glasses 20
normal 7,8,9, 17, 18, 70
glassware, cleaning of 42
oil-water 7, 8, 18
glycol 24
reverse 7, 8, 35,,40
grasshopper 20
effect of agitation on 42-43
gravity 8, 9,18,19, 25,60
stability of 8-10, 11-14
differential 18, 40
tight 7,11
definition of 18
factors determining 7
effect of
water-in-oil7, 8,9,17,18,70
on treating 18
emulsion-breaking compounds 8, 35, 38, 74. See
on treating procedures 18
also chemical; emulsifying agent.
on water separation 18
equipment wear, factors in 6
effect of
erosion 4
on emulsion formation 14
excelsior 19, 21,55,59,60
on reverse emulsions 40